First: Definition and Duration of Incidental Madd Due to Sukūn
Madd al-ʿĀriḍ lil-Sukūn is the elongation that occurs when a letter is given a sukoon temporarily due to stopping after a madd or soft letter.
The madd letters are the three known ones: alif, wāw with a preceding ḍammah, and yāʼ with a preceding kasrah.
The soft letters are: wāw preceded by fatḥah, and yāʼ preceded by fatḥah.
It is called 'incidental madd due to sukoon' because the cause (the sukoon) appears only in the case of stopping.
Its duration: 2, 4, or 6 counts.¹
Second: Examples of Madd al-ʿĀriḍ lil-Sukūn
An example with a madd letter: stopping at the word ﴿ٱلنَّاسِ﴾ where the sīn becomes sakin and is preceded by an alif. It may be elongated for 2, 4, or 6 counts.
An example with a soft letter: stopping at the word ﴿ٱلۡخَيۡرُ﴾ where the rāʼ becomes sakin and is preceded by a soft yāʼ. It may be elongated for 2, 4, or 6 counts.
Here are some examples illustrating the cases of incidental madd due to sukoon:
| Type of Madd Letter | Example |
| Madd with Alif | ﴿ٱلنَّاسِ﴾، ﴿أَصۡحَٰبُ﴾، ﴿ٱلۡكُفَّارَ﴾ |
| Madd with Wāw | ﴿يَعۡمَلُونَ﴾، ﴿غَفُورٞ﴾، ﴿مُؤۡمِنُونَ﴾ |
| Madd with Yāʼ | ﴿قَدِيرٞ﴾، ﴿ٱلسَّبِيلِ﴾، ﴿ٱلۡفَٰتِحِينَ﴾ |
| Soft Wāw | ﴿خَوۡفٌ﴾، ﴿صَوۡتِ﴾، ﴿ٱلۡقَوۡمَ﴾ |
| Soft Yāʼ | ﴿ٱلۡخَيۡرُ﴾، ﴿ٱلۡبَيۡتَ﴾، ﴿ٱلۡغَيۡظِ﴾ |
Nihāyat al-Qawl al-Mufīd (pp. 185, 193), Hidayat al-Qari (1/305–306), Al-Tajweed al-Musawwar (pp. 162–163), Al-Muneer (pp. 179–181).