Ḍād

Ḍād Letter Video:

This video demonstrates the Makhraj and characteristics of Ḍād, and how to practically pronounce it with Quranic examples and the most common mistakes that reciters make when pronouncing it.

First: The Articulation Point of Ḍād

The letter Ḍād is articulated from the rear part of the edge of the tongue to the front part of it , along with the corresponding upper molars from the right side or the left side, or both, as shown in the image.

Second: Main Characteristics of Ḍād

Istiṭālah (elongation), Rakhāwah (flexibility), Istiʿlāʾ (Elevation), and Iṭbāq (adhesion).

The articulation image of Ḍād shows that its articulation point is the longest among the tongue letters, extending from the rear part of the edge of the tongue to the front part of it. giving it the unique attribute of 'elongation'(Istiṭālah) which no other letter has. This extended Makhraj allows the sound to flow, which makes it a letter of flexibility (Rakhawah).

It is an elevated letter due to the elevation of the back of the tongue during pronunciation, making it a heavy letter (Mufakham).

The middle and back of the tongue are also elevated during its pronunciation, adhering the tongue to the palate—a trait known as ' Istiṭālah '—which further intensifies its heaviness(Tafkheem).

Third: Pronunciation of Ḍād in Various States with Quranic Examples

You can click on the word to hear the correct pronunciation.

First: Ḍād in non-vowelled (Sukūn) state:
أَضْ	أُضْ	إِضْ
﴿أَضۡغَٰثُ﴾	﴿ٱضۡطُرَّ﴾	﴿ٱضۡرِب﴾

Second: Ḍād with short vowels (Harakat):
ضَ	ضُ	ضِ
﴿ضَرَبَ﴾	﴿ضُعَفَآءُ﴾	﴿ضِغۡثٗا﴾

Third: Ḍād with long vowels (Madd letters):
ضا	ضو	ضي
﴿ضَاقَتۡ﴾	﴿أَفِيضُواْ﴾	﴿أَرَضِيتُم﴾

Fourth: Ḍād with shaddah(when it is doubled):
أَضَّ	أَضُّ	أَضِّ
﴿ٱلضَّلَٰلَةَ﴾	﴿ٱلضُّعَفَآءِ﴾	﴿ٱلضِّعۡفِ﴾

رابعًا من الأخطاء الشائعة في نطق Fourth: Common Mistakes in Pronouncing Ḍād :

1. Pronouncing it like an intense (Shadid) letter by abruptly cutting the sound, e.g., ﴿ٱلۡأَرۡضِ﴾. Correct way: allowing the sound to flow in Makhraj, giving it Flexibility (Rakhawah) and elongation (Istiṭālah).
2. Substituting it with ḏ̣āʾ, e.g., ﴿ٱلۡمَغۡضُوبِ﴾ or ﴿ٱلضَّآلِّينَ﴾. Correct: maintain the distinct Ḍād sound.
ثالثًا: ترقيقها، فتظهر كالدال، نحوُ: ﴿تُفِيضُونَ﴾. والصواب تفخيمها، هكذا: ﴿تُفِيضُونَ﴾، قال الله تعالى: ﴿هُوَ أَعۡلَمُ بِمَا تُفِيضُونَ فِيهِ﴾.
4. Adding bounce (Qalqalah) when non-vowelled(sakin), e.g., ﴿وَقَضۡبٗا﴾. Correct: avoid Qalqalah.
5. Mixing its sound with Ghunnah (nasal sound), e.g., ﴿وَٱضۡمُمۡ﴾. Correct: pronounce it purely without Ghunnah.
6. Merging it with some letters, such as Ṭā’, Taa’, or Jīm, e.g., ﴿ٱلۡمُضۡطَرَّ﴾, ﴿أَفَضۡتُم﴾, ﴿وَٱخۡفِضۡ جَنَاحَكَ﴾.

الرعاية (184)، التحديد (105)، نهاية القول المفيد (52)، هداية القاري (1/66)، التجويد المصور (52)، المنير (58-59).

الرعاية (184)، نهاية القول المفيد (101)، هداية القاري (1/96)، التجويد المصور (97)، المنير (95).

الدرس Content

Lesson questions

1. الحروف العربية

Introductions

Ḍād