Madd al-Badal

First: Definition, Ruling, and Duration of Madd al-Badal

Madd al-Badal is the madd (elongation) in which a hamzah precedes a madd letter.

Its ruling and duration: Madd al-Badal is considered a type of secondary madd that occurs due to a hamzah. However, in the narration of Ḥafṣ ʿan ʿĀṣim (may Allah have mercy on them), it is not extended beyond the duration of the natural madd. Therefore, its length is two counts, like the natural madd.

Second: Examples

Madd al-Badal can occur with the three madd letters — alif, wāw, and yāʼ. Examples include:

• 1 - With alif: ﴿ءَادَمَ﴾
• 2 - With wāw: ﴿أُوتُواْ﴾
• 3 - With yāʼ: ﴿إِيمَٰنٗا﴾

In all the above examples, the madd letters (alif, wāw, yāʼ) are preceded by a hamzah. Thus, the madd here is Madd al-Badal and is extended for two counts like the natural madd.