Secondary Madd and Its Types

First: Definition of Secondary Madd

Secondary madd is the lengthening that exceeds the duration of natural madd due to a cause such as a hamzah or a sukoon.

It is called 'secondary' because it branches from the natural madd, or because all other types of madd derive from it (except natural madd).¹

Second: Causes of Secondary Madd

Secondary madd arises due to one of two causes:

• 1 – المد بسبب الهمز: ويتفرع منه:
  • أ- المدّ المتصل.
  • ب – Separated Madd، ويُلحق به مدّ الصلة الكبرى.
  • ج –مدّ البدل.
• – المد بسبب السكون: وله حالتان:
  • 2 – Madd because of Sukoon (ۡ): It occurs in two cases: A - Original sukoon: results in Mandatory Madd (madd lāzim), including Madd of Distinction (madd al-farq). B – Temporary sukoon: results in temporary Madd because of sukoon (madd ʿāriḍ lil-sukoon) and temporaryMadd of Softness because of Sukoon (madd al-līn al-ʿāriḍ lil-sukoon).²
  • ب – السكون العارض: ويتفرع منه المدّ العارض للسكون ومد اللِّين العارض للسكون.

These types will be discussed in more detail in upcoming lessons, God willing.