The Lips and Nasal Cavity

First: The Articulation point of the Lips:

الشفتان: هما عضو مهم في تكوين الأصوات وإحداث الحروف، وهما بوابة خروج الحروف جميعها، والجزء الأهم في تكوين أصوات الحركات، وهما مخرج عام يتفرع منه مخرجان خاصان، هما:

• 1 - The inner surface of the lower lip with the tips of the upper incisors: This is the articulation point for a single letter – the letter (Fā’).
• 2 - Both lips together: This forms the articulation point for three letters – (non-elongated Wāw, Bā’, and Mīm).

Second: The Articulation point of the Nasal Cavity:

The nasal cavity is the space connecting the nostrils to the upper throat, as shown in the image. It is a general articulation point with no subdivisions, similar to the Jawf (the cavity throat and mouth). It is an estimated articulation point from which the sound of Ghunnah (nasal sound) is produced. This sound always accompanies the letters Nūn and Mīm, though its duration varies based on the situation. The levels of ghunnah will be discussed in detail later, InshAllah. While ghunnah is a characteristic, it is mentioned among articulation points like a letter due to its unique and independent place of articulation.